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51.
Shan Y Feng Z Izuta T Aoki M Totsuka T 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1996,91(3):355-361
The seedlings of Pinus armandi Franch. were exposed to ozone (O(3)) at 300 ppb for 8 h a day, 6 days a week, and simulated acid rain of pH 3.0 or 2.3, 6 times a week, alone or in combination, for 14 weeks from 15 June to 20 September 1993. The control seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered air and simulated rain of pH 6.8 during the same period. Significant interactive effects of O(3) and simulated acid rain on whole plant net photosynthetic rate were observed, but not on other determined parameters. The exposure of the seedlings to O(3) caused the reductions in the dry weight growth, root dry weight relative to the whole plant dry weight, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate in light, water-use efficiency and root respiration activity, and increases in shoot/root ratio, and leaf dry weight relative to the whole plant dry weight without an appearance of acute visible foliar injury, but did not affect the dark respiration rate and transpiration rate in the darkness. The decreased net photosynthetic rate was considered to be the major cause for the growth reduction of the seedlings exposed to O(3). On the other hand, the exposure of the seedlings to simulated acid rain reduced the net photosynthetic rate per unit chlorophyll a + b content, but did not induce the significant change in other determined parameters. 相似文献
52.
Ohmichi K Komiyama M Matsuno Y Takanashi Y Miyamoto H Kadota T Maekawa M Toyama Y Tatsugi Y Kohno T Ohmichi M Mori C 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(2):120-124
Goal, Scope and Background Cadavers for gross anatomy laboratories are usually prepared by using embalming fluid which contains formaldehyde (FA) as
a principal component. During the process of dissection, FA vapors are emitted from the cadavers, resulting in the exposure
of medical students and their instructors to elevated levels of FA in the laboratory. The American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has set a ceiling limit for FA at 0.3 ppm. In Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
has set an air quality guideline defining two limit values for environmental exposure to FA: 0.08 ppm as an average for general
workplaces and 0.25 ppm for specific workplaces such as an FA factory. Although there are many reports on indoor FA concentrations
in gross anatomy laboratories, only a few reports have described personal FA exposure levels. The purpose of the present study
was to clarify personal exposure levels as well as indoor FA concentrations in our laboratory in order to investigate the
relationship between them.
Methods The gross anatomy laboratory was evaluated in the 4th, 10th and 18th sessions of 20 laboratory sessions in total over a period
of 10 weeks. Air samples were collected using a diffusive sampling device for organic carbonyl compounds. Area samples were
taken in the center and four corners of the laboratory during the entire time of each session (4-6 hours). Personal samples
were collected from instructors and students using a sampling device pinned on each person's lapel, and they were 1.1 to 6
hours in duration. Analysis was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography.
Results and Discussion Room averages of FA concentrations were 0.45, 0.38 and 0.68 ppm for the 4th, 10th and 18th sessions, respectively, ranging
from 0.23 to 1.03 ppm. These levels were comparable to or relatively lower than the levels reported previously, but were still
higher than the guideline limit for specific workplaces in Japan and the ACGIH ceiling limit. The indoor FA concentrations
varied depending on the contents of laboratory sessions and seemed to increase when body cavity or deep structures were being
dissected. In all sessions but the 4th, FA levels at the center of the room were higher than those in the corners. This might
be related to the arrangement of air supply diffusers and return grills. However, it cannot be ruled out that FA levels in
the corners were lowered by leakage of FA through the doors and windows. Average personal exposure levels were 0.80, 0.45
and 0.51 ppm for instructors and 1.02, 1.08 and 0.89 ppm for students for the 4th, 10th and 18th session, respectively. The
exposure levels of students were significantly higher than the mean indoor FA concentrations in the 4th and 10th sessions,
and the same tendency was also observed in the 18th session. The personal exposure level of instructors was also significantly
higher than the indoor FA level in the 4th session, while they were almost the same in the 10th and 18th sessions. Differences
in behavior during the sessions might reflect the differential personal exposure levels between students and instructors.
Conclusion The present study revealed that, if a person is close to the cadavers during the gross anatomy laboratory, his/her personal
exposure level is possibly 2 to 3-fold higher than the mean indoor FA concentration. This should be considered in the risk
assessment of FA in gross anatomy laboratories.
Recommendation and Outlook If the risk of FA in gross anatomy laboratories is assessed based on the indoor FA levels, the possibility that personal
exposure levels are 2 to 3-fold higher than the mean indoor FA level should be taken into account. Otherwise, the risk should
be assessed based on the personal exposure levels. However, it is hard to measure everyone's exposure level. Therefore, further
studies are necessary to develop a method of personal exposure assessment from the indoor FA concentration. 相似文献
53.
Egawa M Aoki K Sun Y Hosokawa T Saito T Kurasaki M 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(3):196-204
Alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acids (parabens), an endocrine disrupter, are used as preservatives in cosmetics and foods. In this study, to understand the relationship between parabens and differentiation in infants, the effects of parabens on apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in PC12 cells were investigated. In addition, apoptosis-related factors were assayed. As results, a tendency toward enhancement of apoptosis was observed in the cells cultured in the serum-free medium with methylparaben, and this tendency was suggested to be related to the contents of BAD, a pro-apoptotic protein. Butylparaben did not show any tendency to enhance apoptosis. 相似文献
54.
Nakanishi T Zheng J Aono T Yamada M Kusakabe M 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(8):774-779
Using a sector-field ICP-MS the vertical distributions of the 99Tc concentration and 99Tc/137Cs activity ratio were measured in the coastal waters off Aomori Prefecture, Japan, where a spent-nuclear-fuel reprocessing plant has begun test operation. The 99Tc concentrations in surface water ranged from 1.8 to 2.4 mBq/m3, no greater than the estimated background level. Relatively high 99Tc/137Cs activity ratios (10-12 × 10−4) would be caused by the inflow of the high-99Tc/137Cs water mass from the Japan Sea. There is no observable contamination from the reprocessing plant in the investigated area. The 99Tc concentration and the 99Tc/137Cs activity ratio in water column showed gradual decreases with depth. Our results implied that 99Tc behaves in a more conservative manner than 137Cs in marine environments. 相似文献
55.
Tatsunori Yamagishi Tomoyuki Miyazaki Kazuyuki Akiyama Masatoshi Morita Junichi Nakagawa Shozo Horii Seiji Kaneko 《Chemosphere》1981,10(10):1137-1144
This paper describes the analyses of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, and related compounds in diphenyl ether herbicides, CNP, NIP, and X-52. The levels of tetra-, penta-CDDs, and tetra-CDFs were about 150, 30, and 15 ppm, respectively in CNP formulations. NIP and X-52 contained lower chlorine alalogs. Isomer distribution of PCDDs in CNP agreed with an estimate from the reaction of chlorophenols. Freshwater fish samples heavily contaminated with CNP in the application season also contained 0.2 ppb of 1,3,6,8-tetra-CDD. 相似文献
56.
57.
Previous studies have found that exposure of a cyclic parthenogen, the water flea Daphnia magna (Cladocera, Crustacea), to juvenile hormones and their analogs results in the production of neonates of male sex at concentration-dependent rates. We conducted reproduction experiments in four different species (Moina macrocopa, M. micrura, Ceriodaphnia dubia and C. reticulata) of cladoceran to test for the first time whether the occurrence of this phenomenon after exposure of the parent to such hormones is a generalized phenomenon. In the presence of a juvenile hormone analog, fenoxycarb, all four species produced male neonates and showed reduced rates of reproduction. The estimated median effective concentration (EC50) for the production of male neonates varied with species, ranging from 0.60 x 10(3) to 9.3 x 10(3) ng/l. Although there was a wide range of sensitivity to fenoxycarb, the production of male neonates in all four species demonstrates that this phenomenon is a common response to juvenile hormone analogs and further suggests that these hormones are capable of initiating sexual reproduction in cladocerans, most of which exhibit cyclic parthenogenesis. 相似文献
58.
59.
60.
Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar biphenyls (Co-PCBs) were determined in Japanese human adipose tissues. Temporal trends were assessed by comparing data collected during 1970-1971, 1994-1996 and 2000. Mean TEQ levels of PCDD/Fs in human adipose tissue showed a significant decrease from 31.6 +/- 9.2 pg-TEQ/g fat wt in 1970-1971 to 11.9 +/- 7.4 pg-TEQ/g fat wt in 2000, and coplanar PCBs decreased from 35.4 +/- 21.9 pg-TEQ/g fat wt in 1970-1971 to 15.3 +/- 8.2 pg-TEQ/g fat wt in 2000. However, some PCB congener concentrations did not change during this time. A comparison of data using the latest PCB-TEQ showed no significant changes. Therefore, research on source characterization and monitoring of short-term temporal trends on these compounds should be carried out continuously. 相似文献